Melt butter in a 6-quart soup pot over medium heat. Cook onion, carrots and celery for 7 minutes until beginning to soften, then add garlic for 30 seconds.
Pour in turkey broth and add bay leaf, thyme, soup salt and pepper. Bring to a gentle simmer and cook for 15 minutes until carrots are tender.
Meanwhile, boil the noodle water with its teaspoon salt in a separate saucepan. Cook egg noodles according to the package, about 7 to 9 minutes, until just tender and drain.
Add roast turkey to the soup and simmer gently for 5 to 8 minutes until pieces reach 165°F. Remove bay leaf.
Divide cooked noodles among 6 bowls and ladle turkey, vegetables and broth over them. Keep any noodles intended for leftovers separate from the stored soup.