Preheat a 6-quart air fryer to 380°F for 3 minutes. Pat wings dry; toss with oil, salt, and pepper.
Cook half in one uncrowded layer 12 minutes. Turn; cook 12 to 15 minutes more until crisp and at least 165°F. Transfer to a rack; repeat.
Meanwhile, simmer sugar, vinegar, 2 tablespoons water, chile, and garlic 3 minutes. Mix cornstarch with remaining water; stir into sauce and simmer 1 minute until lightly thickened.
Remove sauce from heat; add lime juice. Lightly coat hot wings with warm sauce.
Serve immediately as 4 appetizer portions.