Heat the oven to 425°F. Toss parsnips with oil, salt and white pepper on a rimmed sheet and roast for 30 to 35 minutes, turning once, until tender with golden edges.
Meanwhile, melt 1 tablespoon butter in a soup pot over medium heat. Cook onion for 7 minutes, then stir in garlic for 30 seconds.
Add roasted parsnips and broth and simmer for 10 minutes. Remove from the heat and blend with an immersion blender until smooth, then blend in remaining butter.
Ladle 1/2 cup warm soup into a bowl and whisk in miso until smooth. Stir the mixture and lemon juice back into the pot, warm gently if needed and divide among 6 bowls.