Heat the oven to 425°F. Toss cauliflower with oil and its 1/2 teaspoon salt, spread on a baking sheet and roast for 20 to 25 minutes until browned and tender.
While the cauliflower roasts, cook macaroni in a large pot of water with the tablespoon salt until just tender; drain. Grease a 2-quart baking dish.
Melt butter in a saucepan, whisk in flour for 1 minute and gradually add milk. Add sauce salt and pepper and simmer for 3 minutes; remove from the heat and stir in white cheddar.
Fold macaroni and roasted cauliflower into the sauce and transfer to the dish. Scatter with Parmesan and reduce the oven to 375°F.
Bake for 15 to 20 minutes until bubbling with lightly golden edges. Rest for 5 minutes before serving.