Butter a 9-by-13-inch baking dish. Add the challah and scatter the blueberries evenly through it.
Whisk the eggs, milk, maple syrup, lemon zest, vanilla and salt. Pour over the bread and press down lightly.
Cover and refrigerate for 8 to 14 hours. Mix the oats, flour and brown sugar, cut in the cold butter, cover separately and refrigerate.
Let the casserole stand out for 30 minutes while the oven heats to 350°F. Sprinkle the cold oat mixture evenly over the top.
Bake uncovered for 50 to 55 minutes, until the center reaches 160°F and no liquid custard appears when pressed. Rest for 10 minutes before serving.