Heat the oil in a Dutch oven over medium-high heat and cook the mushrooms for 10 minutes until browned and dry at the edges.
Add the onion and cook for 5 minutes, then stir in the garlic, ancho powder and cumin for 30 seconds.
Add the tomatoes, pinto beans, barley, broth and salt and bring the pot to a boil.
Reduce the heat and simmer partly covered for 40 to 45 minutes until the barley is tender.
Add up to 1 cup water as needed and simmer uncovered for 5 minutes until the chili is thick but ladleable.