Heat the broiler and set a rack about 6 inches below it. Toss tomatoes, onion and garlic with oil on a rimmed broiler-safe sheet and broil for 10 to 14 minutes, turning onion once, until tomatoes soften and develop dark patches; remove garlic early if it browns first.
Blend roasted vegetables with 1 cup broth and chipotle until mostly smooth, following blender instructions for hot ingredients. Pour into a 6-quart pot and add remaining broth, cumin, paprika, cocoa and salt.
Simmer uncovered for 15 minutes, stirring often. Add butter beans and simmer for 5 minutes.
Whisk masa with water until smooth and stir into the chili. Add turkey and simmer gently for 5 to 8 minutes until the sauce lightly thickens and turkey reaches 165°F.
Stir in lime juice, rest for 3 minutes and serve without shredding the turkey chunks.