Season the chicken with salt and black pepper and dredge it lightly in flour, shaking off the excess.
Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat and cook the chicken for 3 to 4 minutes per side, until golden and 165°F inside, then transfer it to a clean plate.
Add the artichokes and cook cut-side down for 2 minutes until browned in spots.
Pour in the broth and lemon juice, add the capers and simmer for 4 minutes, scraping the skillet.
Swirl in the butter, return the chicken and spoon the sauce and artichokes over the cutlets.